绿肥播种方式对高枞茶园绿肥养分供应的影响

范文兴; 吴星怡; 岳容旭; 罗旭辉

doi:10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2025.04.009

绿肥播种方式对高枞茶园绿肥养分供应的影响

Effect of Green Manure Sowing Methods on the Nutrition Supply of Green Manure in Gaocong Tea Garden

摘要

摘要: 探索绿肥单播和混播对高枞茶园绿肥养分供应的影响，为高枞茶园化肥减量提供依据。在武夷山市兴田镇高枞茶园设置油菜单播、苕子单播、油菜+苕子混播3种处理，研究绿肥单播和混播2种播种方式对地上部干物质产量、养分供应量、土地当量比以及油菜和苕子竞争比率的影响。结果表明：绿肥的干物质产量表现为苕子单播（1 554.36 g·m⁻²）＞油菜单播（881.75 g·m⁻²）＞油菜+苕子混播（725.16 g·m⁻²）；苕子单播N、P₂O₅含量显著高于油菜单播和油菜+苕子混播，但C、K₂O含量差异不显著；C供应量为苕子单播（503.23 g·m⁻²）＞油菜单播（432.82 g·m⁻²）＞油菜+苕子混播（265.79 g·m⁻²），N供应量为苕子单播（47.43 g·m⁻²）＞油菜+苕子混播（18.68 g·m⁻²）＞油菜单播（17.81 g·m⁻²），P₂O₅供应量为苕子单播（6.42 g·m⁻²）＞油菜单播（4.88 g·m⁻²）＞油菜+苕子混播（3.71 g·m⁻²），K₂O供应量为苕子单播（16.90 g·m⁻²）＞油菜单播（9.31 g·m⁻²）＞油菜+苕子混播（7.60 g·m⁻²）；油菜+苕子混播土地当量比为0.65，油菜、苕子竞争比率分别为1.52、0.66。综上分析表明，油菜和苕子混播降低了绿肥地上部干物质产量，油菜和苕子存在种间竞争，油菜竞争优势大于苕子，因此高枞茶园系统绿肥养分供应宜采用苕子单播模式。

Abstract: The exploration on the effects of green manure monoculture and mixed sowing on the nutrient supply of green manure in Gaozong tea garden could provide the basis for the reduction of chemical fertilizer in Gaozong tea garden. Three treatments of the single sowing of Brassica napus, single sowing of Vicia benghalensis and mixed sowing of Brassica napus and Vicia benghalensis were set up in Gaozong tea garden in Xingtian Town, Wuyishan City. Then, the effects of green manure monoculture and mixed sowing on the above-ground dry matter yield, nutrient supply, land equivalent ratio and competition ratio of Brassica napus and Vicia benghalensis were studied. The results showed that the dry matter yield of green manure was as follows: the single sowing of Vicia benghalensis (1 554.36 g·m⁻²) > the single sowing of Brassica napus (881.75 g·m⁻²) > the mixed sowing of Brassica napus and Vicia benghalensis (725.16 g·m⁻²). The contents of N and P₂O₅ in the single sowing of Vicia benghalensis were significantly higher than those in the single sowing of Brassica napus and the mixed sowing of Brassica napus and Vicia benghalensis, but the contents of C and K₂O were not significantly different. The C supply amount ranged as the single sowing of Vicia benghalensis (503.23 g·m⁻²) > the single sowing of Brassica napus ( 432.82 g·m⁻²) > the mixed sowing of Brassica napus and Vicia benghalensis (265.79 g·m⁻²). The N supply amount ranged as the single sowing of Vicia benghalensis (47.43 g·m⁻²) > the mixed sowing of Brassica napus and Vicia benghalensis (18.68 g·m⁻²) > the single sowing of Brassica napus (17.81 g·m⁻²). The P₂O₅ supply amount ranged as the single sowing of Vicia benghalensis (6.42 g·m⁻²) > the single sowing of Brassica napus (4.88 g·m⁻²) > the mixed sowing of Brassica napus and Vicia benghalensis (3.71 g·m⁻²). The K₂O supply amount ranged as the single sowing of Vicia benghalensis (16.90 g·m⁻²) > the single sowing of Brassica napus (9.31 g·m⁻²) > the mixed sowing of Brassica napus and Vicia benghalensis (7.60 g·m⁻²). The land equivalent ratio of Brassica napus and Vicia benghalensis mixed sowing was 0.65, and the competition ratios of Brassica napus and Vicia benghalensis were 1.52 and 0.66, respectively. The comprehensive analysis showed that the mixed sowing of Brassica napus and Vicia benghalensis reduced the above-ground dry matter yield of green manure. There was interspecific competition between Brassica napus and Vicia benghalensis, and the competitive advantage of Brassica napus was greater than that of Vicia benghalensis. Therefore, the single sowing mode of Vicia benghalensis should be adopted for the nutrient supply of green manure in Gaozong tea garden system.

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