Abstract: In order to clarify the soil fertility status of mountainous tea gardens in Anxi County, the soil samples were collected from the 0-20 cm cultivated layer of 152 mountainous tea gardens in 12 townships of Anxi County, according to the national sampling technical specifications for soil testing and formulated fertilization. Then, the soil fertility indicators were detected and evaluated. The results showed that the average soil pH of 152 mountainous tea gardens in Anxi County was 4.65±0.33, and there was obvious acidification. The average content of organic matter was 1.32 %±0.21%, which was generally low and unevenly distributed. The average contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were (1.45±0.46) g·kg⁻¹, (0.73±0.27) g·kg⁻¹ and (17.96±4.87) g·kg⁻¹, respectively, showing relatively abundant levels. The average contents of exchangeable calcium and magnesium were (201.57±45.69) mg·kg⁻¹ and (19.36±4.49) mg·kg⁻¹, respectively, both at relatively low levels. The average content of effective boron was (0.22±0.06) mg·kg⁻¹, indicating a severe deficiency. Aiming at the problems of soil acidification, insufficient organic matter content and insufficient trace element content in the mountainous tea gardens in Anxi County, the improvement measures were put forward, including promoting the formula fertilization by soil testing, increasing the organic manure fertilizer application and supplementing the trace elements, thus to improve the soil fertility and promote the sustainable development of tea industry in Anxi.