我国红火蚁防治登记药剂的特征分析与防治启示

    Analysis of Characteristics of Registered Insecticides for Red Imported Fire Ant Control in China and Implications for Management

    • 摘要: 对我国已登记且处于有效期内的红火蚁防治药剂的特征进行分析,为红火蚁科学防治、药剂研发与登记管理优化提供参考。检索中国农药信息网中所有针对红火蚁防治的登记药剂,对其时间分布、剂型及毒性等级、有效成分、剂型结构、用药量和施用方法等进行分析。结果表明:截至2025年10月,我国农业农村部共批准登记91个红火蚁防治药剂,登记药剂的数量自2008年起显著增长,登记证有效期由20年缩短至5年;剂型以饵剂(74.73%)和粉剂(17.58%)为主;药剂有效成分中茚虫威(36.89%)与氟蚁腙(15.53%)为主导。目前,红火蚁防治药剂存在同质化突出、生物源农药不足、剂型单一及登记药剂施用方法表述不统一等问题。基于此,建议加强饵剂与触杀型药剂配伍,开发防水型饵剂及多元复配产品,推进生物源农药研发,并在登记环节统一施药表述、建立预审与动态防效评估机制,以提升防治效能。

       

      Abstract: This study analyzes the characteristics of registered and valid insecticides for red imported fire ant(Solenopsis invicta)control in China, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for scientific prevention and control, insecticide development, and optimization of registration management. By retrieving all registered insecticides targeting red imported fire ants from the China Pesticide Information Network, an analysis was conducted on their temporal distribution, formulation types, active ingredients, toxicity classifications, active ingredients and application methods. Key findings reveal that as of October 2025, a total of 91 registered insecticides for red imported fire ant control were retrieved. The number of registered insecticides increased significantly since 2008, while the validity period was shortened from 20 years to 5 years. The formulation composition of these insecticides is predominantly bait(74.73%)and powder(17.58%). In terms of active ingredients, indoxacarb(36.89%)and hydramethylnon(15.53%)are dominant, highlighting issues of homogeneity and a notable shortage of bio-pesticide applications. The formulation structure of these insecticides is characterized by simplification(approximately 80%). Furthermore, inconsistencies and oversimplification were observed in the descriptions of application methods in the registration documents. Based on the findings, recommendations include enhancing the scientific combination of bait and contact insecticides, accelerating the development of waterproof baits and diversified compound products, and promoting the research and application of bio-pesticides. Additionally, establishing a pre-review mechanism at the registration management level, standardizing application descriptions, and implementing dynamic efficacy evaluations are suggested to comprehensively improve the overall effectiveness of red imported fire ant control.

       

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