Abstract: In order to understand rodent reproduction traits, species composition and injury regularity of population number, the situation of rodent damage in farming areas in Siban Village of Xiahe Township of Yunxiao County in 2015 was investigated and monitored. The results showed that the annual total capture amount of rodents was 144 and the total density was 2.94%, among them: Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species accounted for 73, occupied 49.65%; R. rattoides exiguous accounted for 54, occupied 38.30%; R. flavipectus accounted for 17, occupied 12.06%. Also according to the dynamic change of the rodent density, the optimal control timing and control suggestions were put forward in this paper.