Abstract: In order to screen the aquatic plants suitable for controlling eutrophication of water body, 12 aquatic plants, such as Pontederia cordata, Arundo donax var. versicolor and Hydrocleys nymphoides, were used as experimental materials to carry out hydroponic growth experiments in simulated eutrophic water body. The purification effect of 12 aquatic plants in simulated eutrophic water body was studied by measuring the eutrophication indexes such as ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus. The results showed that in eutrophic water, the growth of duckweed was weak, the adaptation period of Phyllostachys mosaica was longer, and the growth of other 10 aquatic plants was better. The removal of ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus from eutrophic water by Foxtail verticillata is the most prominent, followed by Barracuda spp. The aquatic Canna has the best adaptability and can play the role of removing ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus at the first time. Analysising comprehensively, the purification effect of Myriophyllum aquaticum, Pontederia cordata and aquatic Canna glauca on purifying eutrophic water body is better.