Abstract: Chimonanthus Lindl. is a kind of unique plant in China, which is rich in resources and widely distributed. Terpenes, alkanes, esters, alcohols, acids and other compounds are the main volatile components of Chimonanthus Lindl., whose activities mainly include the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, antioxidant and free radical scavenging, and also having important medicinal value. The collection and analysis methods of the volatile components of Chimonanthus Lindl. were summarized in this paper, and the species and distribution of the volatile components were discussed. Then, the differences of the volatile components in different parts, varieties, plants, growing stages and picking seasons of Chimonanthus Lindl. were further concluded. Finally, the biological activities of volatile components in Chimonanthus Lindl. were expounded. The summary of the research status of volatile chemical components in this genus would provide scientific basis for the further development and application of this genus.