Abstract: In order to understand the volatile components of dried Dendrobium officinale protocorm and flower, GC-MS technique was used to determine the volatile components of protocorm and flower and their relative contents extracted after drying at 65℃. The results showed that 58 and 59 components were respectively identified from protocorm and flower, including aldehydes, organic acids, alcohols, ketones, esters, alkanes and olefines, and there were 24 same components. The contents of organic acids were the highest in the volatile component contents of protocorm and flower, and the relative contents were 22.43% and 22.39% respectively. The relative content of volatile components of protocorm ranking the top 10 in order were that hexadecanoic acid (14.72%), hexanal (8.67%), pentadecanoic acid (6.95%), 2-amyl-furan (4.70%), 6,10,14-trimethyl 2-pentadecanone (4.57%), heptane aldehyde (4.24%), linalool (3.57%), 2-methyl eicosane (3.22%), Sangbai alcohol (3.03%) and phytol (2.67%), which accounted for 56.34% of the total volatile oil. The relative content of volatile components of flower ranking the top 10 in order were that hexadecanoic acid (10.85%), 2, 3-dehydrogenation of 1, 8-cineole (7.20%), pentadecanoic acid (6.30%), β-isophorone (4.73%), 9, 12-methyl octadecadienoate (3.39%), tetraethylene glycol (2.98%), hexanal (2.93%), myristic acid (2.92%), 9,12,15-methyl octadecadienoate (2.88%) and α-isophorone (2.35%), which accounted for 46.53% of the total volatile oil.