Abstract: With the wide use of pesticides in modern agriculture, pesticide residues in the environment or fruits and vegetables have a huge threat to human health. Therefore, the determination of pesticide residues plays an important role in modern agricultural production activities. The technology of Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) has the advantages of simple operation, rapid detection and low cost in the determination of pesticide residues, and has a broad application prospect in the field of pesticide residue determination. In this paper, the basic principle of Raman scattering, the mechanism of Surface-enhanced Raman and the characteristics of SERS-active substrate were briefly introduced, and the research of Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) in the determination of pesticide residues was reviewed and prospected by combining with the related literature.