Abstract: The effect of the harvesting time and quality of Paris polyphylla seed on the seeding emergence rate was clarified in this paper, in order to provide theoretical basis for the scientific seed collection and seed pretreatment of Paris polyphylla. By taking the germination rate and emergence rate of seeds as the indicators, the effects of different harvesting time, fruit mature period and seed size on the seeding emergence rate were compared. The results showed that when the ripe fruits were collected in November, the seedling emergence rate was the highest, being (88.7±3.5)% after removing the seed coat and sieving the large seeds. The best harvest time for the seed of Paris polyphylla was in November when the outer pericarp was yellow (at the middle stage of fruit ripening), and the seeding emergence rate was higher, being (86.7±4.6)%. The seedling emergence rate of the large seed with longitudinal diameter of (4.21-5.32 mm) and transverse diameter of (2.36-3.12 mm) was significantly higher than that of the small seed with longitudinal diameter of (2.58-3.96 mm) and transverse diameter of (1.47-2.03 mm), and the seedling emergence rate was (86.8±4.37)%. Through comprehensive consideration, it was recommended to harvest the seeds of Paris polyphylla in Fujian at the middle and late stage of fruit ripening in November, when the fruit was cracked and the pericarp was naturally yellow.