Abstract: It is of great significance to study the differences of polyphyllin content in different Paris polyphylla,Smith var. chinensis analyze its correlation with the soil nutrients, and clarify the main influencing factors of polyphyllin in the soil for the guidance of planting techniques such as the breeding of excellent varieties, the selection of suitable soil and scientific fertilization. In this study, by investigating Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis in different regions, the 49 samples of Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis were collected for the determination and analysis of the agronomic characteristics and the polyphyllin content. In addition, the 5 samples from the main planting areas were selected for the determination of soil nutrients. Last, the correlation between soil nutrients and polyphyllin content was analyzed. The results showed that the proportion of the content of polyphyllin Ⅶ was the largest in the total content of polyphyllin in the four kinds of Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis, among which the content of polyphyllin in Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis in Chenda Town of Sanming City and Taolin Village, Zhaili Town of Guangze County was the highest, the content of polyphyllin in Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis in Longyan City was higher, and the total content of polyphyllin in Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis in Nanping exceeded the requirements in the pharmacopoeia. In addition, the content of polyphyllin Ⅶ had a significant positive correlation with the content of total potassium, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus in soil, while had a significant negative correlation with the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, and available nitrogen in soil. The types and contents of polyphyllin in different Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis were quite different, and the total content of polyphyllin in 27 samples of Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis exceeded the requirements in the pharmacopoeia, which provided the possibility for the screening of superior varieties of Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis. The correlation between the content of polyphyllin in Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis and the content of soil nutrients was obtained, which could provide a theoretical basis for the further research on the soil selection and scientific fertilization in the cultivated fields.