Abstract: The problem of water and soil erosion is serious in the mountainous areas of Fujian Province because of the heavy rainfall, poor soil anti-erodibility and unreasonable human exploitation. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the prevention and control of water and soil erosion in the mountainous areas of Fujian. However, the prevention and control of water and soil erosion in the mountainous areas is a systematic project, and it is necessary to give full play to the advantages of green and make rational use of resources, especially in the process of comprehensive control of water and soil erosion, the development path of modern circular agriculture should be explored. The typical development modes of circular agriculture in the mountainous areas were summarized in this paper, including the agricultural ecological economic development mode with the comprehensive utilization of resources as the main line, the agricultural development mode dominated by the characteristic industries, the agricultural development mode with the microorganism as the core, the agricultural circulation mode with the biogas project as the link, the agricultural development mode centered on the recycling of straw waste, and the comprehensive agricultural development mode with the watershed as the unit. At the same time, the coupling development countermeasures on the prevention and control of water and soil erosion in the mountainous areas and the modern circular agriculture were put forward, in order to provide reference for the development of circular agriculture in the water and soil erosion areas of mountainous areas in Fujian.