Abstract: Paying attention to and improving the allocation efficiency of agricultural production factors is the key to the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture in our country. How to rationally and effectively make use of the limited agricultural resources and improve the allocation efficiency of agricultural production factors has become an urgent problem to be solved in the development of agriculture in China. Based on this, by reviewing the relevant literature on the allocation efficiency of agricultural production factors, the concept definition and calculation methods of different scholars on the allocation efficiency of agricultural production factors were summarized, and the research status at home and abroad was reviewed, and finally the research prospect of improving the allocation efficiency of agricultural production factors was put forward.