Abstract: In order to further clarify the active components and pharmacological action of Polygonatum cyrtonema, the active components and pharmacological action of Polygonatum cyrtonema were summarized based on the preliminary experimental research of Polygonatum cyrtonema and the comprehensive analysis of literature. The results showed that Polygonatum cyrtonema was distributed in Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Guizhou, Henan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi. The active components of Polygonatum cyrtonema included polysaccharides, steroidal saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans and phytosterol. Its pharmacological action included anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-fatigue, reducing blood sugar and blood lipid, anti-atherosclerosis, bactericidal and anti-inflammatory activities.