Abstract: In order to reveal the effects of different patterns of land utilization on soil nutrients, the soil samples of 180 paddy field (rice) and 103 dry land (sweet pepper) were selected in Zhao'an County to analyze the characteristics of soil nutrient changes in different patterns of land utilization. The results showed that the pH value and organic matter content of dryland soil were 8.48% and 8.62% higher than those of paddy field soil, respectively. The contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium in dryland soil were 1.01%, 80.91% and 64.10% higher than those in paddy field soil, respectively. The accumulation of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in dryland soil was slightly lower than that in paddy field soil, while the accumulation of rapid available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium were 75.44% and 59.57% higher than that in paddy field soil, respectively. The content/accumulation of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium in dryland soil were positively correlated with the planting years of sweet pepper.