Study on the Fertilization Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Post-tobacco Rice and the Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency in Yongding District
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摘要: 为明确永定区烟后稻氮磷钾施肥效应与肥料利用率,结合测土配方施肥“3414”试验在坎市镇清溪村和大溪乡大溪村开展田间试验。结果表明:全肥区处理化肥用量投入N 150 kg·hm-2、P2O5 43.5 kg·hm-2、K2O 100.5 kg·hm-2时烟后稻整体经济性状表现最佳,稻谷和稻草产量最高,稻谷产量比缺氮、缺磷与缺钾区分别增产11.1%、9.4%、4.6%,氮、磷、钾肥肥料贡献率分别为10.0%、8.6%、4.4%,施肥相应提高了稻谷与稻草氮、磷、钾养分含量,其中全肥区稻谷分别增长10.5%、4.7%、1.1%,稻草分别增长44.4%、0.8%、2.4%。氮、磷、钾肥单季利用率分别为25.9%、16.7%和50.5%。上述表明,永定区烟后稻对氮肥最为敏感,施氮肥对产量贡献率最大,对钾肥最不敏感,应适当降低烟后稻钾肥施用量,进一步优化氮磷钾施用比例。Abstract: In order to clarify the fertilization effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the fertilizer utilization rate of post-tobacco rice variety in Yongding District, the field experiment was carried out in Qingxi Village of Kanshi Town and Daxi Village of Daxi Town combined with the soil testing fertilization ″3414″ test. The results showed that when 150 kg·hm-2 N, 43.5 kg·hm-2 P2O5 and 100.5 kg·hm-2 K2O were applied in the whole fertilizer area, the overall economic characters of post-tobacco rice was the best, and the yields of paddy rice and straw were the highest. The yield of paddy rice increased by 11.1%, 9.4% and 4.6%, respectively, compared with that in the areas with nitrogen deficiency, phosphorus deficiency and potassium deficiency. The contribution rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were 10.0%, 8.6% and 4.4%, respectively. The fertilizer application correspondingly increased the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in paddy rice and straw, which were respectively increased by 10.5%, 4.7% and 1.1% in paddy rice and 44.4%, 0.8% and 2.4% in straw in the whole fertilizer area. The single-cropping utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 25.9%, 16.7% and 50.5%, respectively. The above results showed that the post-tobacco rice in Yongding District was the most sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer, with the largest contribution rate of applying nitrogen fertilizer to the yield, while was the least sensitive to potassium fertilizer. Therefore, the application rate of potassium fertilizer in the post-tobacco rice should be appropriately reduced and the application ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be further optimized.
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Keywords:
- Post-tobacco rice /
- Formula fertilization /
- Fertilizer utilization rate /
- Yield
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