Abstract: There is a way to create functional rice by identifying new rice anthocyanin genes and revealing their metabolic mechanism for the breeding of new rice varieties. In order to explore the effect of purple glume formation on anthocyanin accumulation and metabolism pathway in rice, a purple glume hybrid mutant (PiX) was screened from the tissue culture of Indica rice transformants, and the mutant,normal and wild-type transcripts obtained through its selfing was sequenced by Illumina hiseqtm 6 000 high throughput transcriptome (RNA SEQ) technology. The results showed compared with wild-type (F8), mutant (ME) has 5 108 up-regulated genes and 4 288 down regulated genes,self segregation normal phenotype (PD) has 4 653 up-regulated genes and 4 397 down regulated genes,and self segregation normal phenotype (PD) has 2 078 up-regulated genes and 2 829 down regulated genes compared with mutant (ME). The Go function enrichment analysis showed that the differential expression of hydrolase activity genes changed significantly. The KEGG pathway analysis revealed that compared with the wild-type, the mutant had more pigment genes related to flavonoid synthesis in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and those genes were mainly affected by the encoding chalcone isomerase OsCHI. The results can provide a reference for studying the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in rice.