Abstract: The Membrane-covered high temperature aerobic composting is an important means to realize the harmless and resource utilization of organic solid waste. The Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to explore the composition and variation of microbial communities in different composting stages. A total of 1 143 180 high-quality sequences and 4 559 OTUs were obtained from 24 samples collected at three different composting temperature stages, which belonged to 49 phyla, 154 classes, 356 orders, 571 families, 1 081 genera and 2 048 species. The dominant bacteria in the Membrane-covered high temperature aerobic composting consisted of Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadota, Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Patescibacteria, Myxococcota, Coprothermobacterota, Planctomycetota and Nitrospirota. By using the classical partial least squares regression model (PLS-DA), the analysis results showed that the bacterial community in the high temperature period of the Membrane-covered high temperature aerobic composting was significantly different from that in the initial composting samples and other composting stages. The LEfSe analysis results clarified the different indicator species at different composting stages; BugBase and FAPROTAX analyses, together with the BLAST with potential pathogenic bacteria, showed that membrane-covered high temperature aerobic composting can effectively reduce the abundance of harmful pathogenic microorganisms.