Abstract: In order to understand the differences in the structural characteristics of natural, semi-natural and artificial plant communities, three typical plant communities in Dapeng New District of Shenzhen were selected to comparatively study the structure and diversity of plant communities by using the random combined with typical community investigation method. The results showed that the evenness and richness of natural plant community were higher than those of semi-natural and artificial plant communities, and the α-diversity index character was natural community>semi-natural community>artificial community. There was a significant positive correlation between plant height and coverage of tree layer in the natural and semi-natural plant communities (P<0.01). The ecological dominance of the artificial plant community was high, and the dominant species were prominent. The plant evenness of the natural plant community was high, the important value gap between plants was narrowed, and the status of the dominant species was decreased. The species in the vertical structure (aboveground part) of natural plant community were abundant and evenly distributed, and the vertical space was fully utilized for plant growth. In the natural plant community, Aquilaria sinensis, Tainia hongkongensis, Polypodium barometz, and Pholidota chinensis were recorded as the national secondary protected plants, while in the artificial plant community, the invasive plant Wedelia trilobata was recorded. Through the comparative study, it could be seen that the structure of natural plant community was stable and the diversity was high. The investigation and study of natural plant community could provide reference for promoting the ecological stability and the vegetation restoration.