Abstract: In order to understand the molecular mechanism of absorption and utilization of ammonium nitrogen in rice, the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of all the 12 predicted ammonium transporter genes in rice after the treatment of nitrogen deficiency and nitrogen restoration. The results showed that all the ammonium transporter genes were expressed in the roots, stems and leaves of rice. AMT1.1 had the highest expression level in leaves, and its expression was affected by nitrogen deficiency and the types of nitrogen source. After the treatment of nitrogen deficiency, the expression in rice roots was all significantly down-regulated, the expression in most of the stems were down-regulated, a few were up-regulated or fluctuated, and the expression in most of the leaves were first up-regulated and then down. After restoring the nitrogen supply, the expression in most of the rice roots were significantly up-regulated, while the expression in stems and leaves were differentiated, partially up-regulated or first up-regulated and then down-regulated. This phenomenon was related to the overall ammonium transport pathway of rice nitrogen metabolism pathway. The absorption of ammonium was transported from roots to stems and then to leaves, and the metabolic exhaustion of ammonium was reversed.