Abstract: In recent years, with the gradual expansion of the breeding scale of Rana spinosa, the frequency of various bacterial diseases has also increased year after year. Among them, the skin fester disease is one of the common bacterial diseases in Rana spinosa. The initial symptoms of Rana spinosa suffering from the skin fester disease are the shedding of the epidermis and the appearance of white spots, which gradually expand and even reach the bottom of the muscle. Later, they die due to the inflammation caused by the bacterial infection. At present, only antibiotics have been reported for the treatment of the skin fester disease of Rana spinosa. In order to explore whether Chinese medicinal herb could replace the antibiotics for the treatment of the skin fester disease in Rana spinosa, the main pathogenic bacteria of Rana spinosa suffering from the skin fester disease were determined by using the routine bacterial isolation and purification, as well as 16S rRNA sequence amplification. Then, the comparative tests of drug sensitivity were conducted by using the water extract of Rhus chinensis and other antibiotics. Finally, based on the previous research on breeding farms, the water extract of Rhus chinensis was selected to explore the therapeutic effect on the skin fester disease of Rana spinosa. The results showed that the main pathogens in the affected area of Rana spinosa suffering from the skin fester disease were Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii. The comparative experiments of drug sensitivity showed that the two pathogenic bacteria were highly sensitive to thiamphenicol, flufenicol, enrofloxacin, magnesium phosphate of vitamin C, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, neomycin sulfate and doxycycline, while were moderately sensitive to the water extract of Rhus chinensis. Through the treatment experiments, it was found that the survival rate of Rana spinosa suffering from the skin fester disease in the group treated with the water extract of Rhus chinensis reached 100%, and the affected area was significantly relieved within 20 days of the treatment. The research found that although the water extract of Rhus chinensis had only moderate antibacterial effects on the pathogenic bacteria of skin fester disease, it could effectively control and treat the skin fester disease of Rana spinosa in the practical treatment. It was possible that the water extract of Rhus chinensis not only had the bacteriostatic action, but also had other healthy function.