食用木薯品种多点筛选与鉴定

    Multi-point Screening and Identification of Edible Cassava Varieties

    • 摘要: 为筛选出适宜闽中、闽南等地区种植的食用木薯新品种,2022年国家木薯产业技术体系三明综合试验站将近年引进的桂热561、桂热10号、GC49等6个食用木薯新品种,在大田、永安、永春示范县进行筛选试验,以华南9号为对照,对各品种植株主要特征特性、鲜薯产量、大田点品质及淀粉产量、食味评价等方面综合分析,结果表明:桂热561平均产量最高,达36 769.0 kg·hm-2,比对照增产8 632.0 kg·hm-2,增产30.7%,差异达极显著水平;大田点鲜薯淀粉含量32.0%,淀粉产量9 335.8 kg·hm-2,比对照增产46.5%,干物率42.3%,氰化物含量25.7 mg·kg-1;桂热10号平均产量第2,为36 658.3 kg·hm-2,增产30.3%,差异达极显著水平;大田点鲜薯淀粉含量31.0%,淀粉产量9 430.0 kg· hm-2,比对照增产48.0%,干物率41.5%,氰化物含量22.0 mg·kg-1;以上2个品种食味综合评价好,综合性状突出,建议作为食用兼淀粉加工型品种扩大示范推广应用。GC49、华南6068平均产量居第3、4位,分别增产15.0%、5.4%,氰化物含量低,食味综合评价好,建议作为食用型品种继续试验、扩大示范推广应用。沙田平均产量比对照略高,但食味综合评价中;TCGRI 31平均产量比对照低,建议不再继续试验。华南9号平均产量一般,但薯肉颜色为黄色,市场推广应用价值高,建议继续作为食用型品种扩大示范推广应用。

       

      Abstract: In order to screen out the new varieties of edible cassava suitable for being planted in central and southern Fujian, the six new varieties of edible cassava, including Guire 561, Guire No.10 and GC49, were introduced in recent years by Sanming Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Cassava Industry Technology System in 2022. And then, the screening experiments were carried out in the demonstration counties of Datian, Yong'an and Yong-chun. By taking Huanan No.9 as the control group, the main characteristics of plants, quality and starch yield in Datian, fresh sweet potato yield of each variety were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that: the mean yield of Guire 561 ranked the first, which was 36 769.0 kg·hm-2, an increase of 30.7%, and the difference was statistically significant. The starch content of fresh sweet potato was 32.0%, and the starch yield was 9 335.8 kg· hm-2, which was 46.50% higher than that of the control group. The dry matter rate was 42.3%, and the cyanide content was 22.0 mg·kg-1. the yield of Guire 10 ranked the second,which was 36 658.3 kg·hm-2, an increase of 30.3%.The starch content of fresh sweet potato was 31.0%, and the starch yield was 9 430.0 kg·hm-2, which was 48.0% higher than that of the control group. The dry matter rate was 41.5%, and the cyanide content was 22.0 mg·kg-1. The above two varieties had outstanding comprehensive characteristics with good taste quality, so they were recommended to expand the demonstration and application as the starch processing-type or edible-type varieties. The mean yield of GC49 and Huanan 6068 ranked third and fourth, with an increase of 15. 0% and 5.4%. The the cyanide content was low, and the taste quality was good. It was suggested to continue the test and expand the demonstration and application as the edible-type varieties. The fresh yield of Shatian was little higher then that of the control group, but the taste quality was middle level, and the mean yield of TCGRI 31 was low, so it was not recommended to continue the experiment.The yield of Huanan No.9 was general, but the color of potato meat was yellow,and the market promotion and application value was high. So it was recommended to continue to expand the demonstration and application as an edible-type variety.

       

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