Abstract: The genetic diversity and genetic relationship of poppy germplasm resources were explored, which would lay a foundation for genetic breeding research and germplasm fingerprint of poppy. The 13 agronomic traits of 25 poppy resources were measured and analyzed by using the two methods of morphological markers and SRAP molecular markers. The results showed that 11 pairs of primer combinations with obvious polymorphism and clear bands were selected from 12 pairs of SRAP primers. The genomic DNA molecules of the 25 tested materials were amplified, and a total of 210 spectrum bands were amplified, of which 81 were polymorphic bands, and the polymorphism rate was 38.57%. The results of SRAP cluster analysis showed that: the genetic similarity coefficient of 25 poppy materials was 0.907-0.992. The cutting line was made when the similarity coefficient was 0.936, and the 25 tested materials could be divided into 5 categories and several subcategories. The agronomic traits such as flower color and leaf shape of the tested poppy materials were investigated and analyzed. When the euclidean distance was 5.0, all the poppy materials could be divided into 12 categories and several subcategories. In summary, the analysis showed that the genetic diversity of 25 poppy germplasm resources was abundant. The morphological markers and SRAP molecular clustering could be used to study the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of poppy germplasm resources. The results could lay a foundation for the genetic breeding research and germplasm fingerprint of poppy.