Abstract: Butterflies are important indicator species for evaluating the impact of urbanization on the biodiversity. In order to explore the relationship among the butterfly community diversity, habitat types, and urbanization in Guangzhou. In 2023, based on the urbanization gradient, six sampling lines were selected from the range of 0−2 000 m, 2 000−4 000 m and 10 000 m away, and were divided into the near-natural plant communities and artificial plant communities according to the vegetation forms within the sampling lines. The line transect sampling method was used to investigate and statistically analyze the species and quantity of butterflies. The results showed that a total of 45 species belonging to 32 genera and 8 families of butterflies were investigated in the six sampling lines, with the dominant species being Ypthima balda. The Margalef species richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Pielou species evenness index and Simpson dominance index of butterflies in the study area were all near-natural plant community sampling lines＞artificial plant community sampling lines. The number of families, genera and species, Margalef species richness index, Simpson dominance index, Shannon-Wiene index, and Simpson index in the community characteristics of butterfly were positively correlated with the distance from the city center and negatively correlated with the accessibility. The Pielou evenness index was negatively correlated with the distance from the city center and positively correlated with the accessibility. The number of butterflies and the Shannon-Wiene index were significantly influenced by human activities. It could be seen that the habitat types and human activities had important impact on the distribution of butterfly species, and the urbanization had relatively significant impact on the butterfly diversity in Guangzhou.