Abstract: In order to realize the resource transformation and utilization of bamboo shoot processing waste, this study used alkaline extraction of xylan from bamboo shoots, optimized the extraction process by one-way and orthogonal tests, analyzed the physicochemical properties of xylan from bamboo shoots by high performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and evaluated the in vitro antioxidant activity of xylan from bamboo shoots by DPPH method and ABTS method.The results showed that the highest extraction rate of 20.86% was achieved at an extraction time of 3.5 h, an alkali mass concentration of 0.1 g·mL⁻¹, a liquid-to-feed ratio of 1∶25, and an extraction temperature of 100 ℃. The monosaccharide composition and FT-IR analysis showed that xylose may be the main structure of xylan in bamboo shoots. The xylan of bamboo shoots has a certain antioxidant activity, the scavenging rate of DPPH free radicals reached 94.75% at a concentration of 8 mg·mL^−1, with an IC₅₀ value of 1.0 mg·mL⁻¹, and the scavenging rate of ABTS free radicals was 93.09% at a concentration of 20 mg·mL⁻¹, with an IC₅₀ value of 3.85 mg·mL⁻¹.