漳州地区紫灵芝和赤灵芝子实体的营养成分比较分析

    Study on the nutritional composition of fruiting bodies of different varieties ofGanoderma lucidum in Zhangzhou Area

      摘要
    • 摘要: 探究福建漳州地区不同灵芝（Ganoderma lucidum）品种的营养成分及其差异，为灵芝的合理使用提供参考。以同一生长环境和立地条件下的紫灵芝和赤灵芝子实体为研究对象，通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法、分光光度法等多种技术对其进行营养成分测定，比较不同品种灵芝中总三萜、总多酚、总黄酮等多种营养物质含量的差异，评价灵芝的营养品质。结果表明：在基础成分和营养成分上，赤灵芝GL-2的蛋白质（22.0 g·hg−1）、可溶性糖（0.27%）、粗多糖（1.00 g·hg−1）和总三萜（2.92 g·hg−1）含量均显著高于其他品种，赤灵芝GL-1的脂肪（3.6 g·hg−1）与粗纤维（50.6%）含量最高；在氨基酸含量上，赤灵芝GL-2氨基酸总含量最高（12.25 g·hg−1），且所有17种氨基酸含量均显著优于紫灵芝品种；在脂肪酸组分含量上，赤灵芝在饱和脂肪酸（如硬脂酸、花生酸）上占比更高，其中GL-2亚麻酸含量（0.652%）为紫灵芝GS-1的7.8倍，紫灵芝GS-1油酸（55.2%）和GS-2亚油酸（40.0%）等不饱和脂肪酸占比更高；在矿质元素含量上，紫灵芝GS-2的钙（3000 mg·kg−1）、铁（1250 mg·kg−1）、锌（46.8 mg·kg−1）含量均高于赤灵芝品种。赤灵芝（GL-2）在蛋白质、可溶性糖、粗多糖、总三萜及氨基酸含量上表现一定优势，提示其作为高营养功能原料的开发潜力；紫灵芝在矿质元素（钙、铁、锌、硒）及不饱和脂肪酸（油酸、亚油酸）富集能力上更为突出，尤其是紫灵芝GS-2的钙、铁、锌含量及紫灵芝GS-1的硒含量，表明其在营养强化与特定代谢调节中的应用价值；品种特异性显著影响功能性成分（如总多酚、总黄酮）的积累，紫灵芝GS-2总多酚含量最高，而赤灵芝GL-1总黄酮含量最高。综上，赤灵芝GL-2的综合营养优势与紫灵芝的矿质元素特性，可为灵芝品种选育及功能产品开发提供了参考依据。

       

      Abstract: Abtract: This study examined the nutritional composition and its variation across different Ganoderma lucidum species. The nutritional components of fruit bodies from four G. lucidum varieties, grown under identical conditions, were analyzed using techniques like inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and spectrophotometry. The nutritional quality of G. lucidum was subsequently assessed by comparing the concentrations of total triterpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids, and other nutrients across different varieties. The analysis of fundamental components revealed that G. lucidum（Leyss. ex Fr.）Karst GL-2 exhibited significantly higher levels of protein（22.0 g·hg−1）, soluble sugar（0.27%）, crude polysaccharide（1.00 g·hg−1）, and total triterpenoids（2.92 g·hg−1）compared to other varieties. Conversely, G. lucidum（Leyss. ex Fr.）Karst GL-1 demonstrated the highest content of fat（3.6 g·hg−1）and crude fiber（50.6%）. Regarding amino acid composition, GL-2 possessed the highest total amino acid content（12.25 g·hg−1）, with all 17 amino acids being significantly more abundant than in the G. sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang. In terms of fatty acid composition, G. lucidum（Leyss. ex Fr.）Karst exhibited a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids, such as stearic acid and arachidonic acid. Notably, the linolenic acid content in GL-2（0.652%）was 7.8 times greater than that in GS-1, while GS-1 had a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid（55.2%）, and GS-2 had a higher proportion of linoleic acid（40.0%）. Regarding mineral element content, GS-2 contained higher levels of calcium（3000 mg·kg−1）, iron（1250 mg·kg−1）, and zinc（46.8 mg·kg−1）compared to the G. sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang.G. lucidum（Leyss. ex Fr.）Karst GL-2 demonstrated notable advantages in the concentrations of fundamental components such as protein, soluble sugars, and crude polysaccharides, as well as total triterpenoids and amino acids, indicating its potential as a raw material with significant nutritional functionality. The levels of mineral elements, including calcium, iron, zinc, and selenium, alongside unsaturated fatty acids like oleic and linoleic acids, were particularly pronounced in G. sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang. Notably, the calcium, iron, and zinc concentrations in GS-2, and the selenium content in GS-1, underscore its potential application in nutritional enhancement and targeted metabolic regulation. The specificity of different varieties significantly influenced the accumulation of functional components, such as total polyphenols and flavonoids. Specifically, GS-2 and GL-1 exhibited the highest levels of total polyphenols, while GL-1 had the highest content of total flavonoids. In summary, the comprehensive nutritional benefits of G. lucidum（Leyss. ex Fr.）Karst GL-2, along with the distinctive mineral element profile of G. sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang, provide valuable insights for variety breeding and the development of functional products.

       

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