Abstract: Bacterial wilt, a devastating soilborne disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a major threat to plant health. A key strategy for managing this disease is the use of avirulent strains of R. solanacearum for biological control. This study focused on the interaction system between Solanum lycopersicum and Ralstonia solanacearum.By establishing two inoculation treatments（plants inoculated with the avirulent strain FJAT-1458 and the virulent strain FJAT-91, respectively）and setting up a mock-inoculated control group（CK), we aimed to investigate the effects of Ralstonia solanacearum strains with different pathogenicity on the bacterial community composition of tomato rhizosphere. Using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing, we analyzed 15 rhizosphere soil samples across three groups. A total of 1,301,685 high-quality sequences were obtained and annotated into 6,989 operational taxonomic units（OTUs), covering 38 phyla, 98 classes, 271 orders, 421 families, and 770 genera. The results showed that Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, Bacteroidota, Myxococcota, Acidobacteriota, and Planctomycetota were the dominant bacterial phyla in the rhizosphere soil of tomato plants. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that FJAT-91 stress treatment significantly altered the composition and structure of the tomato rhizosphere bacterial community, while the bacterial community composition of the FJAT-1458 treatment group was more similar to that of the control group. Further analysis of the abundance and diversity indices of rhizobacteria showed that under FJAT-91 inoculation, the Shannon diversity index of the rhizobacterial community in tomato plants was highly significantly reduced compared to the CK group（P＜0.01), indicating a decrease in the diversity of the rhizobacterial community. In contrast, under FJAT-1458 inoculation, both the Chao and Shannon indices were higher than in the CK group（P＞0.05), indicating an improvement in the stability and diversity of the rhizobacterial community. In addition, under the stress of different pathogenic strains of R. solanacearum, there were significant differences in rhizobacterial diversity, with the Chao1 index of the FJAT-1458 group being significantly higher than that of the FJAT-91 group（P＜0.05）and the Shannon index being highly significantly higher than that of the FJAT-91 group（P＜0.01). Using linear discriminant analysis (LEfSe), we further identified the differential biomarker species within the rhizobacterial communities. These results provide initial insights into the effects of virulent and avirulent strains of R. solanacearum on the diversity and distribution of bacterial communities in the soil rhizosphere of tomato plants. This study provides valuable data for elucidating the mechanisms of biological control by avirulent strains against bacterial wilt and for guiding the prevention and control of bacterial wilt.