Abstract: Seed purity of rice varieties is a crucial factor affecting yield and quality. Purity identification holds significant importance in ensuring seed quality and safety, as well as promoting the high-quality development of the agricultural industry. In this study, 34 main cultivated rice varieties in Fujian were used as experimental materials. A total of 48 pairs of SSR primers were employed to conduct specific primer screening and preliminary seed purity identification, followed by a comparative analysis with the results of field purity identification. The results indicated that through the screening of SSR-specific primers for 34 hybrid rice varieties, 40 out of the 48 pairs of SSR primers exhibited specificity. Among them, the RM432 primer amplified specific bands in 24 varieties. By analyzing the genotypes of individual plants of the tested varieties using the selected SSR primers, a total of 12 varieties had a seed purity of 96.0% or above, with a qualification rate of 35.3%. When a tolerance gap of 5% was applied, the number of qualified varieties increased to 22, with a qualification rate of 64.7%. Among them, Guangliangyou 676 had the highest purity（100%）, while Lvliangyou 9871 had the lowest purity（81.0%）. The results of field plot planting identification showed that the purity of all 34 varieties was above 98%, with a qualification rate of 100%. The study suggests that there are still certain discrepancies between the results of SSR detection and field planting identification. Molecular marker-based purity identification offers higher precision, as it can detect differences that are not morphologically evident. It is recommended that when using SSR molecular marker technology for purity identification, DNA samples from the parental lines of hybrid rice should be used as controls, and joint identification should be conducted using more than two pairs of polymorphic primers to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of identification.