高产优质多抗花生新品种泉花24号的选育

    Breeding of a New Peanut Variety Quanhua No.24 with High Yield, Good Quality and Multiple Resistance

    • 摘要: 为解决福建及南方相似生态区高温高湿环境下花生青枯病、叶斑病、锈病频发,以及品种存在混杂退化、产量与抗性难以兼顾等问题,以高产优质多抗中间材料0835-010-1为母本,泉花7号为父本进行有性杂交,采用系谱法与一粒传法相结合的选育技术,经2011−2022年多代筛选、鉴定及试验,培育出花生新品种泉花24号。该品种属珍珠豆型,全生育期125.8 d,植株直立松散,综合性状优良;2019−2020年福建多点试验结果显示,平均荚果产量4 413.75 kg·hm−2,比对照种泉花7号增产13.79%,籽仁平均产量3 009.15 kg·hm−2,增产13.23%;抗病性鉴定表现为抗青枯病、高抗锈病、中抗叶斑病;品质检测显示含油量47.66%,蛋白质含量28.6%,属高蛋白品种。2024年通过国家非主要农作物品种登记〔登记编号:GPD花生(2024)350098〕,2025年获植物新品种权(品种权号:CNA20231007613),适宜福建及南方相似生态区种植,为区域花生产业高产稳产提供了优良品种支撑。

       

      Abstract: In order to solve the problems of frequent occurrence of peanut bacterial wilt, leaf spot and rust in the high temperature and high humidity environment of Fujian and similar southern ecological regions, as well as the variety mixing and degeneration, and the difficulty in balancing yield and resistance, a sexual hybridization was made by using the high-yield, good-quality and multi-resistant intermediate material 0835-010-1 as the female parent and Quanhua No.7 as the male parent. A combination of pedigree method and single seed descent was adopted for the breeding. After the multi-generation screening, identification and experiments from 2011 to 2022, the new peanut variety Quanhua No.24 was developed. This variety belonged to the pearl bean type with a whole growth period of 125.8 days. The plant was erect and loose with excellent comprehensive traits. The results of multi-location experiments in Fujian from 2019 to 2020 showed that the average pod yield was 4413.75 kg·hm−2, which was 13.79% higher than that of the control variety Quanhua No.7; and the average kernel yield was 3009.15 kg·hm−2, which was 13.23% higher than that of the control. The disease resistance identification showed resistance to bacterial wilt, high resistance to rust, and moderate resistance to leaf spot. The quality testing indicated the oil content of 47.66% and the protein content of 28.6%, classifying it as a high-protein variety. It was registered as a national non-major crop variety in 2024 〔Registration number: GPD Peanut (2024) 350098〕and obtained the new plant variety right in 2025 (Variety right number: CNA20231007613), which was suitable for being planted in Fujian and similar southern ecological regions, providing excellent variety support for the high and stable yield of regional peanut industry.

       

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