Abstract: To clarify the effects of applying organic water-soluble fertilizer on agronomic traits, yield, and economic benefits of rice in the yellow-mud paddy fields of Fujian Province. Using the rice variety 'Fuxiangzhan' as the test material, three treatments were set up in Longyan City, Fujian Province: conventional fertilization（CK), conventional fertilization + equivalent amount of fine sand（T1), and conventional fertilization + 150 kg·hm⁻² organic water-soluble fertilizer（T2). The results showed that, compared with conventional fertilization, the application of organic water-soluble fertilizer as basal fertilizer significantly improved key agronomic traits of rice: the number of filled grains per panicle, seed setting rate, and 1000-grain weight increased by 6.48%, 4.37%, and 2.47%, respectively. The actual rice yield reached 8296.65 kg·hm⁻², which was a significant increase of 9.51% over conventional fertilization. The net income was 18317.79 CNY·hm⁻², an increase of 6.34% compared with conventional fertilization. The application of organic water-soluble fertilizer in the yellow-mud paddy fields of Fujian Province can effectively promote rice growth, increase yield and economic benefits, and thus has good potential for widespread adoption.