Abstract: The utilization and protection of arable land in China plays an important role in agriculture and the development of national economy, so China has formulated a series of strict farmland protection system. But in recent years, the problems that farmers illegally use arable land became more and more serious, resulted in a lot of destruction of farmland, serious soil erosion and loss. This article analyzed the reason of illegal land use by farmers, and discussed the countermeasures to prevent the illegal use of farmland.