Abstract: By comparing the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS), tea polyphenol, total flavonoids, total saponins and crude polysaccharide in the leaves of golden camellia at the edge of the forest, in the forest and under the shading nets, as well as the activity differences of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), the effects of different shade cultivations on the stress-resistance physiology and the content of main medicinal components in the leaves were explored. The results showed that the cultivations in the forest and under the shading nets were conducive to the normal growth of golden camellia, which could reduce the stress-resistance physiological response of the leaves and increase the content of crude polysaccharide. However, the cultivation at the edge of the forest could improve the content of tea polyphenol, total flavonoids and total saponins in the leaves of golden camellia. In the production, different shade cultivations could be adopted according to the product demand in order to increase the yield of target compositions under the premise of ensuring the normal growth of golden camellia.