Abstract: Based on the base investigation, literature comprehensive analysis and many years of research on the underwood cultivation and production of Paris polyphylla, the key technical points of the underwood imitative ecological cultivation of Paris polyphylla were summarized. Based on the ecological habits and environmental requirements of Paris polyphylla, a series of studies and summaries were made on the selection of the underwood imitative ecological cultivation environment, the field cleaning and preparation, the imitative ecological cultivation techniques, the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, the harvesting and processing, and the benefit analysis, etc. The technology has been popularized and applied in the production of Fujian and Jiangxi. The implementation and popularization of the underwood imitative ecological cultivation of Paris polyphylla were conducive to making use of the ecological environment of forest land and producing the high-quality medicinal materials, thus to relieve the contradiction between supply and demand and increase the farmers' income.