Abstract: The livelihood capital not only determined the choice of farmers' means of livelihood, but also was an important guarantee for farmers to protect their livelihood risks. Based on the framework of sustainable livelihood analysis, the relationship between the livelihood capital and the livelihood satisfaction of farmers, livelihood strategy selection, and livelihood vulnerability, as well as the impact of policies and institutions on the livelihood capital were summarizes by combing the relevant literature on the livelihood capital of farmers, so as to provide decision basis for improving the farmers' livelihood capital and livelihood satisfaction.