Abstract: In order to investigate the differences in the content of fumarine, allocryptopine, sanguinarine, chelerythrine and total alkaloids in different parts of the wild and the planted Macleaya cordata, the samples were collected from the wild and the planted Macleaya cordata in Mingxi County and the wild Macleaya cordata in Guangze County. Then, the contents of fumarine, allocryptopine, sanguinarine, chelerythrine and total alkaloids in each part were determined by HPLC method, and SPSS 18.0 was used for the data statistics and analysis. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the contents of other alkaloids between the wild and the planted Macleaya cordata except for the contents of fumarine in the stem and allocryptopine in the leaves. Under different growth conditions, the content of alkaloids in the same part of Macleaya cordata had little difference, while under the same growth condition, the content of alkaloids in different parts of Macleaya cordata had great difference, among which the content of alkaloids in the root was more abundant.