Abstract: The effects of single-seed sowing and double-seed sowing on the yield and characters of peanut under the climatic conditions in Fujian were studied to provide theoretical basis for the variety selection and the cultivation techniques of single-seed sowing. The six varieties of pearl type of peanut were selected from the southern ecological zone to carry out the comparative experiment of single-seed sowing and double-seed sowing, thus to study the effects of the single-seed sowing and double-seed sowing on their yield and characters. And the change rules of other 20 characters related to the economic characters were analyzed by using the grey relational grade analysis. The results showed that the single-seed sowing could significantly increase the plant type index, the number of branches, the number of fruiting branches, total number of pods, pod yield per plant and seed kernel yield per plant (P<0.01), the full pod rate was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the height of main stem was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The increase of the number of unfulfilled fruit was the main factor that caused the increase of pod per plant. The single-seed sowing could obviously promote the growth of lateral branches, resulting in the decrease of 100 fruit weight, the decrease of double kernel fruit rate, and the decrease of kernel yield. The 6 cultivars had different propensity to be suitable for the single-seed sowing and double-seed sowing. Not all the cultivars suitable for the double-seed sowing were suitable for the single-seed sowing. The pod yield of Fuhua 31521 and Fuhua 21521 were 17.02% and 9.69% higher than that of Quanhua No.7, respectively, and the seed kernel yield of Fuhua 31521 and Fuhua 21521 were 15.19% and 6.12% higher than that of the control Quanhua No.7, respectively. The grey relational grade analysis showed that compared with the double-seed sowing, the correlation coefficients of the four traits of single-seed sowing such as full fruit of single kernel, double kernel rate, total number of unfulfilled pod, and 100 kernel weight on the pod yield and seed kernel yield increased more significantly. The correlation coefficients of the three traits such as total number of full fruit, seed kernel weight per plant and 100 fruit weight on the seed kernel yield decreased significantly, while the correlation coefficients of the two traits such as total number of full fruit and total number of pods on the seed kernel yield decreased significantly. The peanut varieties suitable for the double-seed sowing were not all suitable for the single-seed sowing, and the single seed sowing could significantly change the agronomic traits of the varieties. The pod yield and seed kernel yield of Fuhua 31521 and Fuhua 21521 were both higher than those of the control Quanhua No.7, which could be used for wider regional tests and the related cultivation technology research.