Abstract: The coordinated promotion of the development of small towns with agricultural characteristics and the strategy of new-type urbanization is an important way to realize the integrated development of urban and rural areas. Based on the evaluation index system consisting of two subsystems constructed by the entropy weight method, the main factors affecting the development of small towns with agricultural characteristics and the construction of new-type urbanization were explored by taking the cross-section data of 2016 in China as the samples, and the coupling coordination degree model and the relative development model were used to discuss and analyze their coordination relationship and the development status. The results showed that:(1) The economic development and agricultural modernization played a leading role in the development of small towns with agricultural characteristics. The urban infrastructure construction and economic development were the main factors to promote the construction of new-type urbanization in China; (2) For the small towns with agricultural characteristics, the development of their characteristic industries has been restricted by the backward level of agricultural modernization and the infrastructure construction of social development; (3) In the integrated system of the development of small towns with agricultural characteristics and the new-type urbanization, the development of small towns with agricultural characteristics in China was still relatively lagging behind; (4) The overall level of coupling coordination degree between the development of small towns with agricultural characteristics and the new-type urbanization in China was good, but there were obvious regional differences, showing the status of low in the West and high in the East, and gradually increasing from the West to the East. The high level of coupling coordination degree was mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas.