Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of interplanting with Vulpia myuros on the fungal community in rhizosphere soil of Camellia oleifera at different stand ages, the rhizosphere soils of Camellia oleifera aged 3-5 years, 10-15 years and 50 years or more were sequenced by using the high-throughput sequencing under or without the condition of covering with Vulpia myuros. The results showed that the microbial diversity of rhizosphere soil was more abundant under the condition of straw mulching, and the diversity index of the fungal community in rhizosphere soil with the stand age of 50 years or more was higher. At the family level, the relative abundance of dominant bacteria Trimorphomycetaceae was the highest at the stand age of 10 to 15 years, while at the genus level, the relative abundance of dominant bacteria Saitozyma was the highest at the stand age of 10 to 15 years. In the correlation analysis of the fungi community in rhizosphere soil of Camellia oleifera and the stand age, the relative abundance of Terramycetaceae had the strongest positive correlation with the stand age of 3 to 5 years. The relative abundance of Dissoconiaceae had the strongest positive correlation with the stand age of 10 to 15 years, while the relative abundance of Melanommataceae had the strongest positive correlation with the stand age of 50 years or more. The functional effect of saprophytic bacteria was stronger under the condition of straw mulching, which indicated that the cultivation of Vulpia myuros could better promote the transformation of soil nutrients, thus to provide the nutrition for the growth of Camellia oleifera. In conclusion, this study proved that the cultivation of Vulpia myuros could increase the microbial diversity of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of Camellia oleifera, improve the function of fungal community, and promote the growth and development of Camellia oleifera, and the benefit of Camellia oleifera was the highest when planted for 10 to 15 years, which would provide reference for the development of Camellia oleifera industry.