Abstract: The volatile components in the essential oil of Rosa damascena from Fujian Province were studied to provide scientific basis for the quality evaluation and development and utilization of aroma. The volatile components in the essential oil of Rosa damascena produced in Fujian Province extracted by steam distillation were determined by using the headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology (HS-SPME/GC-MS). The results showed that a total of 154 volatile components were isolated and identified from the essential oil of Rosa damascena, with the relative total content of 97.68%, mainly containing alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones, acids, terpenes, alkanes and aromatic compounds. Among them, the number of terpenes was the largest, reaching 61 species, and the relative content was up to 48.14%. The volatile components in the essential oil of Rosa damascena with higher relative content were (R)-(+)-β-citronellol, pinene, β-caryophyllene, α-guaiene, α-caryophyllene, geranic acid methyl, and their relative contents were 20.18%, 7.11%, 6.24%, 5.38%, 4.37% and 4.20%, respectively. Terpenes, alcohols and esters were the main material basis of the aroma of essential oil from Rosa damascena, which endowed the essential oil of Rosa damascena with floral, fruity and grassy fragrance with rich fragrance levels.