Abstract: In order to explore the effects of plastic film mulching cultivation on the main agronomic characters, yield and quality of peanut, a new high-yield and high-quality resistant peanut variety Quanhua 557 was used as the test material. By using the single factor randomized block design, the effects of different plastic film mulching (color matching plastic film, silver-gray plastic film, black plastic film, ordinary plastic film and degradable plastic film) on its germination rate, yield and quality were studied with the bare land as the control group. The results showed that compared with the control group, the treatment of plastic film mulching could significantly improve the yield of peanut, and the yield increased to a very significant level. The higher yield of plastic film mulching cultivation resulted from the advantages of higher productivity per plant and earlier entry into the yield formation period. The yield of peanut with different plastic film mulching treatments was in order as follows: silver-gray plastic film, black plastic film, ordinary plastic film, degradable plastic film and color matching plastic film. The fat content and linoleic acid content in peanut were higher than those in the control group, while the protein content and oleic acid content in the control group were the highest, but there was no significant difference in the quality of peanut among different treatments.