Abstract: In order to explore the differences and evolutionary relationships of chloroplast genomes between Camellia oleifera Min 43 and the closely related species of Camellia L., the chloroplast genomes of Camellia oleifera Min 43 and other closely related species we compared and analyzed by using the genomics analysis. The results of the structure characteristic analysis of chloroplast genome showed that the chloroplast genome size of 9 Camellia L. species ranged from 156902 to 157567 bp, with 130-136 genes. The REPuter analysis showed that the long repetitive sequence types of these 9 Camellia L. species were P and F. The SSR number of 9 Camellia L. species was determined to be 52-71 by using the MISA software, among which the SSR number of Min 43 was 65. Through the IR boundary analysis, the boundary genes of Camellia sinensis and Camellia oleifera Min 43 were significantly different from those of the other three genus species. At the same time, by using the nucleotide polymorphism analysis, five hypervariable regions were detected in the chloroplast genome, which were psbK-atpA, rpoB-psbD, rps4-ndhJ, ycf1, and ndhF-rps12-exon1. According to the results of phylogenetic tree, the relationship between Camellia oleifera Min 43 and Camellia kissii was the closest. This study could provide a basis for the genetic structure of Camellia oleifera population, and also provide a theoretical basis for improving the oil production of Camellia oleifera and the breeding of excellent varieties.