Abstract: In order to explore the types of yam germplasm resources and the genetic relationship of their genetic diversity in different regions, and provide reference for the breeding of Chinese yam varieties and the protection and utilization of germplasm resources, the genetic diversity and cluster analysis of 44 germplasm resources of Chinese yam were carried out by ISSR marker technique. The results showed that the 8 arbitrary primers were screened from 100 arbitrary primers, and the total number of bands amplified by 8 primers was 87, the number of polymorphic bands was 87, and the proportion of polymorphic bands was 100%. The cluster analysis divided the 44 germplasm resources into four class groups. The results of the cluster analysis by ISSR marker technique were basically consistent with the original classification results of plant taxonomy. The genetic distance of the 44 yam germplasm resources ranged from 0.0313 to 0.7216. According to the genetic distance of 0.5618, the 44 germplasm resources of yam could be divided into 5 categories. Among them, the genetic relationship between Dioscorea opposita and Dioscorea persimilis was the closest, which was far from Dioscorea opposita and the farthest from Dioscorea opposita.