Abstract: A suspected case of anthracnose was found in the planting area of Macleaya cordata in Mingxi County of Sanming City in Fujian. In order to clarify the pathogenic bacteria of leaf anthracnose of M.cordata in Sanming area of Fujian Province, the pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the collected typical diseased samples, and then the pathogens were identified by using the morphology, molecular biology and pathogenicity test. The results showed that: A total of 20 bacterial strains were isolated from the diseased leaves of Macleaya cordata, and the colony morphology of all the strains was consistent. The colony was round with white color, and the backside was light white grey to cinnamon. The conidia were orange-red, and the conidial spores were long oval and single spore. The phylogenetic tree of ITS and TUB2 genes showed that the tested bacterial strains and Colletotrichum fructicola were clustered together, and the confidence levels were 82% and 99%, respectively. The results of pathogenicity test showed that the symptoms of the diseased leaves were consistent with those in the field and conformed to KochDK('DK)s rules. Through the analysis of the disease symptoms, colony morphology and gene sequences (ITS and TUB2) of the diseased samples, the pathogenic bacteria of leaf anthracnose of M.cordata in Mingxi County of Sanming City was C.fructicola.