Abstract: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) is an upstream component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade signaling pathway. It is responsible for receiving the external signals and transmitting them to the downstream MAPKK and MAPK, which plays an important role in the process of receiving, amplifying, and transmitting MAPK cascade signals. In recent years, some studies confirmed that the MAPK cascade signaling pathway has played an important role in the growth and development process of plant and the adaptation to the adversity stress. Therefore, the research progress on the involvement of MAPKKK in the regulation of plant growth and development and the resistance to adversity stress was reviewed.