Abstract: In order to screen the germplasm resources of Macleaya cordata with high quality and promote the breeding of excellent varieties of M. cordata, the contents of the four kinds of alkaloid such as fumarine, β-homocheliconine, sanguinarine and chelerythrine in the fruits of 16 M. cordata resources from 15 different regions were determined by UFLC method, thus to explore the difference of alkaloid contents in the fruits of M. cordata from different regions. The results showed that there were differences among the fumarine, β-homocheliconine, sanguinarine and chelerythrine in the fruits of M. cordata from 15 regions, as well as the total contents of the four kinds of alkaloid. Among them, the total alkaloid content of MC-1 M. cordata in Mingxi County, Sanming City, Fujian Province was the highest, reaching (0.435 2±0.008 8)%, which was significantly different from those of the samples in other regions. The contents of β-homocheliconine, sanguinarine and chelerythrine in MC-1. cordata were the highest, and the trend of the alkaloid contents was β-homocheliconine＞sanguinarine＞fumarine＞chelerythrine, indicating that MC-1 could be used as the germplasm resource for breeding the local excellent varieties of M. cordata. The results of this study would provide theoretical basis for the breeding work of M. cordata.