Abstract: In order to improve the efficiency of artificial breeding and aquaculture efficiency of Chinese horseshoe crab, the breeding equipment used in the process of artificial breeding and larval cultivation of Chinese horseshoe crab was optimized and improved, and the breeding effects of the old and new equipments were compared. The results showed that the average egg-production amount per female Chinese horseshoe crab in the new temporarily rearing system of Chinese horseshoe crab was 3530, which was significantly higher than that in the conventional temporarily rearing system (2320) (P＜0.05), and the cleaning frequency of the filter vat was significantly lower than that in the conventional system (P＜0.05). The ratios of 2nd instar larvae (93.33%) and 3rd instar larvae (35.33%) obtained by the new larval rearing device were significantly higher than those obtained by the conventional larval rearing device (being 83.33% at 2nd instar and 10.33% at 3rd instar) (P＜0.05). The average mortality rates of 1st instar larvae (6.67%) and 2nd instar larvae (6.33%) in the new larval rearing device were significantly lower than those in the conventional larval rearing device (16.67% and 30.67%) (P＜0.05). The 2nd instar molting began from the 11th to 12th day and the 3rd instar molting began from the 21st to 30th day in the new larval rearing device, while the 2nd and 3rd instar molting began from the 31st to 40th day in the conventional larval rearing device. It could be seen that the molting time required for the new larval rearing device was significantly reduced (P＜0.05). The above results showed that the new temporarily rearing system of horseshoe crab could enhance the purification capacity of waters, increase the egg laying amount of horseshoe crab, significantly accelerate the molting speed of the 2nd instar and 3rd instar juvenile Chinese horseshoe crab, and reduce the mortality rate of the 2nd instar juvenile Chinese horseshoe crab. The research results could provide important technical reference for the subsequent large-scale artificial breeding and larval cultivation of horseshoe crab.