Abstract: An investigation of Farmland in Zhenghe County showed that, cultivated land of magnesium deficiency type and drought type accounted by 59.54% and 54.07% respectively of the total area of the medium-low yield farmland. The main cause for large ratio of medium-low yield farmland could be attributed to unreasonable fertilization, uneven spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, poor adjustment and reserving capacity of water conservancy facilities, cultivated land distribution in slope land, the countermeasures for improving and utilizing medium-low yield farmland were put forward according to this analysis.