Abstract: The effects of different seeding drums on the seeding quantity and uniformity of rice pot seedlings were explored to provide a basis for selecting the suitable drums for rice pot seedlings. Four types of sowing drums with different sowing hole diameters (a circular sowing drum with the sowing hole diameter of 9 mm and the depth of 4 mm, an elliptical sowing drum with the major axis of 12 mm, the minor axis of 9 mm and the depth of 4 mm, a small square sowing drum with the side length of 12 mm and the depth of 3 mm, and a large square sowing drum with the side length of 14 mm and the depth of 3 mm) were used to conduct the sowing experiments on 15 rice varieties. The grain shape structure of each rice variety and its sowing amount, leakage rate and uniformity under different sowing drums were analyzed. The results showed that the grain length, grain width and length-width ratio of the 15 rice varieties ranged from 7.97 to 12.23 mm, 2.13 to 3.04 mm and 2.62 to 5.40, respectively. The leakage rate of rice sowing increased with the increase of grain length. Except for Yongyou 7850, the leakage rate of other rice varieties sowing with the circular sowing drums and small square sowing drums ranged from 6.55% to 85.12%, which was significantly higher than that of other sowing drums. The leakage rate of Yuzhenxiang in all four sowing drums was higher than 7.89%. The seeding rate and seeding uniformity decreased with the increase of grain length, when the grain length ranged from 7.97 mm to 9.82 mm, the seeding rates of different rice varieties using the elliptical seeding drums and large square seeding drums were 5.76-8.82 grains per hole and 4.03-5.25 grains per hole, respectively, and the seeding uniformity was 73.90%-87.31% and 61.40%-75.80%, respectively. When the grain length ranged from 9.97 mm to 10.93 mm, the sowing rates of rice using the elliptical seeding drums and large square seeding drums were 3.99-4.74 grains per hole and 2.05-3.25 grains per hole, respectively, and the sowing uniformity was 63.79%-75.60% and 28.78%-68.28%, respectively. By taking into account the hole leakage rate, sowing quantity and uniformity, when the length of rice seeds was 7.97-9.82 mm, it was suitable to use the large square sowing roller; when the length was 9.97-10.93 mm, it was suitable to use the elliptical sowing roller; when the single sowing quantity per hole of rice seeds was 3-5 grains, and the hole leakage rate was less than 5% and the uniformity was greater than 61.40%, which was suitable for rice pot seedling sowing; while for the longer Yuzhenxiang rice seeds, none of the four sowing rollers could meet the suitable sowing effect for pot seedlings, and it was not suitable for the sowing of rice pot seedlings.