我国红火蚁防治登记药剂的特征分析与防治启示

    Characteristic Analysis and Control Enlightenment of Registered Insecticides for Red Imported Fire Ant Control in China

    • 摘要: 对我国已登记且处于有效期内的红火蚁防治药剂的特征进行分析,为红火蚁科学防治、药剂研发与登记管理提供参考。检索中国农药信息网中所有针对红火蚁防治的登记药剂,对其时间分布、剂型及毒性等级、有效成分、剂型结构、用药量和施用方法等进行分析。结果表明:截至2025年10月,我国农业农村部批准登记91个红火蚁防治药剂,登记药剂的数量自2008年起显著增长,登记证有效期由20年缩短至5年;剂型以饵剂(74.73%)和粉剂(17.58%)为主;药剂有效成分以茚虫威(36.89%)与氟蚁腙(15.53%)为主导。目前,红火蚁防治药剂存在同质化突出、生物源农药不足、剂型单一及登记药剂施用方法表述不统一等问题。基于此,建议加强饵剂与触杀型药剂配伍,开发防水型饵剂及多元复配产品,推进生物源农药研发,并在登记环节统一施药表述、建立预审与动态防效评估机制,以提升防治效能。

       

      Abstract: The characteristics of red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) control insecticides registered in China and within the validity period were analyzed, aiming to provide reference for the scientific prevention and control of red imported fire ants, the research and development of pesticides and the optimization of registration management. By retrieving all the registered insecticides for the control of red imported fire ants from the China Pesticide Information Network, the analysis was conducted on their temporal distribution, dosage form and and toxicity classifications, active ingredients, dosage form structure and application methods. The results showed that: as of October 2025, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China has approved the registration of 91 pesticides for the control of red imported fire ants. The number of registered agents has increased significantly since 2008, and the validity period of the registration certificates has been shortened from 20 years to 5 years. The dosage forms were mainly bait (74.73%) and powder (17.58%). In terms of active ingredients, indoxacarb (36.89%) and hydramethylnon (15.53%) were the main effective components in the effective components of the agent. At present, there were some problems in the prevention and control of red imported fire ants, such as prominent homogenization, insufficient biological pesticides, single dosage form and inconsistent expression of registered pesticide application methods. Based on the findings, the countermeasures were put forward including enhancing the scientific combination of baits and contact insecticides, accelerating the development of waterproof baits and diversified compound products, and promoting the research and development of bio-pesticides. Additionally, standardizing the application descriptions at the registration management level, establishing a pre-review mechanism and implementing the dynamic efficacy evaluations were suggested to comprehensively improve the overall control effectiveness of red imported fire ant.

       

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