Study on the nutritional composition of fruiting bodies of different varieties ofGanoderma lucidum in Zhangzhou Area

Abtract: This study examined the nutritional composition and its variation across different Ganoderma lucidum species. The nutritional components of fruit bodies from four G. lucidum varieties, grown under identical conditions, were analyzed using techniques like inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and spectrophotometry. The nutritional quality of G. lucidum was subsequently assessed by comparing the concentrations of total triterpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids, and other nutrients across different varieties. The analysis of fundamental components revealed that G. lucidum（Leyss. ex Fr.）Karst GL-2 exhibited significantly higher levels of protein（22.0 g·hg⁻¹）, soluble sugar（0.27%）, crude polysaccharide（1.00 g·hg⁻¹）, and total triterpenoids（2.92 g·hg⁻¹）compared to other varieties. Conversely, G. lucidum（Leyss. ex Fr.）Karst GL-1 demonstrated the highest content of fat（3.6 g·hg⁻¹）and crude fiber（50.6%）. Regarding amino acid composition, GL-2 possessed the highest total amino acid content（12.25 g·hg⁻¹）, with all 17 amino acids being significantly more abundant than in the G. sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang. In terms of fatty acid composition, G. lucidum（Leyss. ex Fr.）Karst exhibited a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids, such as stearic acid and arachidonic acid. Notably, the linolenic acid content in GL-2（0.652%）was 7.8 times greater than that in GS-1, while GS-1 had a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid（55.2%）, and GS-2 had a higher proportion of linoleic acid（40.0%）. Regarding mineral element content, GS-2 contained higher levels of calcium（3000 mg·kg⁻¹）, iron（1250 mg·kg⁻¹）, and zinc（46.8 mg·kg⁻¹）compared to the G. sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang.G. lucidum（Leyss. ex Fr.）Karst GL-2 demonstrated notable advantages in the concentrations of fundamental components such as protein, soluble sugars, and crude polysaccharides, as well as total triterpenoids and amino acids, indicating its potential as a raw material with significant nutritional functionality. The levels of mineral elements, including calcium, iron, zinc, and selenium, alongside unsaturated fatty acids like oleic and linoleic acids, were particularly pronounced in G. sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang. Notably, the calcium, iron, and zinc concentrations in GS-2, and the selenium content in GS-1, underscore its potential application in nutritional enhancement and targeted metabolic regulation. The specificity of different varieties significantly influenced the accumulation of functional components, such as total polyphenols and flavonoids. Specifically, GS-2 and GL-1 exhibited the highest levels of total polyphenols, while GL-1 had the highest content of total flavonoids. In summary, the comprehensive nutritional benefits of G. lucidum（Leyss. ex Fr.）Karst GL-2, along with the distinctive mineral element profile of G. sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang, provide valuable insights for variety breeding and the development of functional products.