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To identify high-yield, superior-quality, and stress-resistant ratoon rice cultivars suitable for promotion in the southern Henan region, a screening trial was conducted in 2023 using Liangyou 6326（a widely cultivated high-quality rice variety in the Jianghuai region）as the control（CK）. Fifteen ratoon rice cultivars were evaluated for growth duration, yield, and key agronomic traits. The results demonstrated that seven cultivars—Lüyinzhan, Shenliangyou 867, Meiliangyou Huangzhan, Keliangyou 1, Longjingyou 1212, Taoyouxiangzhan, and Liangyou 6326（CK）—achieved a total two-season yield exceeding 12,000 kg·hm⁻², Among these, Taoyouxiangzhan and Longjingyou 1212 exhibited the highest total yields of 13 567.87 kg·hm⁻² and 13,122.23 kg·hm⁻², respectively, representing a 4.3% and 0.9% increase over the control（13,004.89 kg·hm⁻²）. These two cultivars also demonstrated excellent grain quality and shorter growth durations in both the first and ratoon seasons, effectively mitigating the risks posed by low-temperature damage in autumn（Cold Dew Wind）—a critical meteorological threat in this region. Given their high yield stability, superior adaptability, and resistance to adverse climatic conditions, Taoyouxiangzhan and Longjingyou 1212 are recommended as leading cultivars for ratoon rice promotion in southern Henan.